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Ellerbee Collection, Norelco PC 60 first used at CBS Studio 52 NY, and later CBS White House Mobile Unit in Washington D.C. Photo courtesy Parker Smith

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In the early 1960s, an experimental color broadcast camera using three of their new Plumbicon tubes, was being developed by the Philips Company in Holland. Field testing on the new camera was going on at the BBC in London, as is seen below.

1963 Philips Experimental color camera (left) at BBC, in comparison test with the Marconi BD 949 Drivers rohde&schwarz.

Philips 1963 experimental color television camera used for BBC tests.

Philips PC60 prototype TV camera 1964 with 5 lens turret

Philips black and white EL 8020 Plumbicon tube television camera

Using the basic design of their black and white Plumbicon equipped camera, which had been in service in Europe since 1961, the new Philips color camera was given two names…the one we know here in the US, and the one the rest of the world knows. To us, this first camera was the Norelco PC 60, but to everyone else, they were known as Philips LDK I models. Our Norelco PC 60 was their LDK I. Our PC70 was their LDK II, etc. I think LDK comes from the Dutch term for the Lead Oxide Camera…in Europe, Plumbicons are often referred to as “lead oxide valves” (valves = tubes).

The PC designation stood for Plumbicon Camera, and 60 for the year the Plumbicon was invented. Notice that the prototype pictured above has a lens turret, like the black and white cousin. With some help from the BBC, Angenieux got involved with the development, and came up with the now familiar 10x full servo zoom lens for the camera.

Where did the Norelco name come from and why? In a 1940 brand infringement lawsuit, Philco (an American electronics company), claimed the names were too similar, and was able to legally prevent Philips from using the brand name “Philips” on products marketed in the United States. Philips developed the “Norelco” brand as a portmanteau of “North American Electronics Company.” Philips got the last laugh though when it purchased Philco in 1981.

Although the name Philips wasn’t very familiar in the United States, the company had a huge worldwide reputation. Philips & Company started in 1891 as a manufacturer of carbon filament lamps, then branched into making radio tubes, receivers and transmitters in the 1920s. The company also conducted experiments in mechanical television late in the decade.

I’ll bet you knew about Philips’ development of the first-ever dry shaver (in the 1950s), but I’ll bet you didn’t know the audio cassette tape (1963), the first home video cassette recorder (1972), and even the compact disc (1980) were also Philips innovations.

But one particular invention is of interest to us here: the Plumbicon tube, developed by Philips in 1960. This tube, which promised true color fidelity, was manufactured by Philips subsidiary Amperex Electronics in Slaterville, Rhode Island. Philips first used the tube in a black and white camera, for durability tests, but later designed a color television camera around the new plumbicon tube, and this camera reached the market in 1964 as the PC-60. The plumbicon tube earned Philips an Emmy in 1967 for “Outstanding Achievement in Engineering Development.”

The PC-60 was followed by the PC-70, the PC-72, the portable PCP-70 and PCP-90, and in the early ’80s by the LDK series. (Later efforts included the BTS brand name, in a joint venture with Bosch, which was later sold to Thomson’s Grass Valley and became the LDK brand.)

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The CBS – Norelco Connection

The PC-60 and PC-70 series were very popular cameras, and all the major networks and countless local stations used them. However, perhaps the most well-known customer was CBS, which eagerly bought Norelcos in its effort to become a color network.

Why did CBS love the Norelco cameras so much? Well, actually, there are two reasons. First, because finally a color camera was available that was not manufactured by RCA. Remember, RCA’s “compatible color” system beat out the CBS mechanical color system, and there was still a lot of resentment at CBS. The availability of a color camera that wasn’t an RCA product made it possible for CBS to hasten its transition to color, and Norelco cameras with their “CBS Color” signage became a familiar background sight on many a television program in the 1960s and 1970s.

Onda port devices driver. Second, there was Dan Flaherty. In several conversations with Dr. Flaherty, he told me the story of how this all came to pass.

Dr. Daniel Flaherty was the head of CBS Engineering in the early 1960s, and had been working with Ikegami on a mini camera for CBS, to use at Cape Canaveral covering the space shots and political conventions. The BBC was also working with Ikegami on a similar project, and it was on a trip to London to see the Ikegami field tests that Dan happened to see the Philips color tests. Below is a 1962 shot of the CBS Ikegami prototype in use at McDonnell Aircraft in St. Louis during the Mercury Project era.

In the ’60s, the BBC was world renowned for their engineering ability and testing programs, and after he saw the Philips tests, he immediately went into action on his return to New York, to make sure CBS was first in line for these new cameras.

Even before the PC 60s were debuted at the 1964 NAB show, CBS had already placed an initial order for 36 units, and a secondary order for 36 more on an as needed basis.

As odd as it seems, NBC also bought Norelco cameras for their field trucks. NBC never used the RCA TK42 or 43, and the TK44 was very behind in it’s development. So, with an aging fleet of TK41s in the field, NBC “jumped the shark” and ordered 35 Norelcos to their unique specifications, created by NBC Labs head Fred Himelfarb.

In fact, there’s a couple of great stories about the battles at RCA/NBC over the Norelcos, the plumbicon tube, and how the TK44 came to be. Read here for the NBC story, and read here to learn how Norelco inadvertently helped RCA develop its TK44.

To me, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (February 1967-April 1969) and The Carol Burnett Show (September 1967-March 1978) represent one of the greatest eras of shows ever, in the history of both CBS, and of television itself. Carol Burnett usually did her program from Television City’s Studio 33, while the Smothers Brothers did their program from Studios 31 and 41.

For more on CBS Television City, follow this link. http://www.cbstelevisioncity.com/shows

Notice the camera in the top photo of Tom and Dick Smothers (above), and the shot of the crane mounted camera below, on the Smothers Brothers set…the vents at the top of both PC 60 doors are vertical. This makes these, two of the original “first installs” at Television City. That means these camera were built in Holland, but production was too slow there, and Philips opened a plant in Mt. Vernon NY, to build